Thomas James Churchill (March 10, 1824 – May 14, 1905) was a Confederate Major General during the US Civil War. As a young man he studied law and fought as an infantry officer in the Mexican American War. He was captured by the Mexican Army and spent most of the war as a prisoner.
When the Civil War started he joined the Confederate Army as a colonel commanding the 1st Arkansas Mounted Rifles. He was a successful leader and won recognition in different engagements. During the Battle of Richmond he won renown for a surprise flanking attack while leading men from Arkansas and Texas. The route of his assault was renamed Churchill’s Draw. He was promoted to Major General.
After the Civil War Churchill became the treasurer of Arkansas and in 1880 the governor.
While governor, he was plagued by allegations of discrepancies in the treasurer’s account from when he served as state treasurer. A special committee found a shortage of $294,876 ($9,608,000 in today’s dollars) in state funds during Churchill’s tenure as treasurer. Wikipedia
The scandal ended with Churchill being ordered to repay the missing funds. He died in Little Rock in 1905.
Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 – 9 February 1978) was a SS functionary of the German Third Reich. He became a Gestapo agent and was responsible for mass deportations of Jews from Austria after the Anschluss.
After he was posted in Italy where he worked closely with the Italian police. He led the Raid on the Roman Ghetto where over a thousand Roman Jews were deported to Auschwitz. During his time in Italy he extorted 110 lbs of gold from Italian Jews.
Kappler came to odds with the neutral Vatican under Pope Pius XII, that he correctly assumed was hiding Jews.
A particularly detested adversary of Kappler’s was Irish Monsignor Hugh O’Flaherty of the Sacred Congregation De Propaganda Fide. The Monsignor’s activities covertly assisting Jews and other fugitives led both Kappler and his Italian colleague Pietro Koch to repeatedly, and vainly, plot O’Flaherty’s kidnapping, torture, and summary execution. Kappler’s moles inside the Vatican included an Estonian national and former Byzantine Rite seminarian from the Russicum named Aleksander Kurtna, who worked from 1940 until 1944 as a translator for the Vatican’s Congregation for the Eastern Churches. Wikipedia
The mole was a Soviet double agent who stole Kappler’s code books and gave them to the USSR.
Kappler was responsible for the Ardeatine Massacre when 335 Italian civilians and political prisoners were executed in retaliation for the killing of 3 German soldiers by the Italian resistance.
He was sentenced to life in prison in Italy for war crimes. In 1975 he was diagnosed with cancer and his nurse wife was given unlimited access to care for him. In 1977 she smuggled him out in a large suitcase (his weight was 105 lbs) and they fled to West Germany. The German government refused to extradite him back to Italy. Herbert Kappler died 6 months later.